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. 2023 Feb 11;13(2):316. doi: 10.3390/jpm13020316

Table 3.

Cox regression analysis to assess risk factors for 1 year mortality.

Variables Univariate Analysis Multivariate Analysis
HR (95% CI) p-Value HR (95% CI) p-Value
Age > 75 yrs 2.50 (1.96–3.18) <0.0001 2.14 (1.60–2.87) <0.0001
Men 0.83 (0.65–1.06) 0.134 0.99 (0.72–1.34) 0.928
Tobacco use 0.70 (0.55–0.88) 0.002 0.89 (0.66–1.20) 0.447
Overt diabetes mellitus 0.90 (0.72–1.14) 0.395 - -
Hyperlipemia: no Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref.
under therapy 0.64 (0.51–0.81) <0.0001 0.69 (0.51–0.93) 0.015
no therapy 0.86 (0.50–1.50) 0.602 0.97 (0.51–1.86) 0.937
Arterial hypertension 1.04 (0.69–1.55) 0.865 - -
Chronic renal insufficiency: 1.92 (1.52–2.43) <.0001 1.54 (1.28–1.84) <0.0001
no Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref.
creatinine > 2 1.42 (1.06–1.92) 0.021 0.84 (0.59–1.21) 0.354
hemodialysis treatment 2.89 (2.15–3.88) <0.0001 - -
Coronary artery disease: 1.51 (1.20–1.90) <0.0001 1.26 (1.02–1.57) 0.036
no Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref.
revascularized 1.47 (1.14–1.89) 0.003 1.20 (0.88–1.65) 0.255
non-revascularized 1.64 (1.16–2.32) 0.005 - -
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 1.02 (0.80–1.29) 0.902 - -
Cerebrovascular disease: 1.48 (1.01–2.17) 0.046 - -
No Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref.
previous TIA 1.86 (1.25–2.76) 0.002 1.53 (0.95–2.46) 0.084
previous stroke 0.39 (0.10–1.57) 0.19 0.38 (0.1–1.55) 0.177
Necrosis/infection of the foot: no Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref.
dry 1.83 (1.35–2.48) <0.0001 1.42 (1.02–1.98) 0.040
wet 3.15 (2.39–4.13) <0.0001 2.04 (1.46–2.85) <0.0001
First intervention: endovascular only (rarely, regenerative cellular therapy) Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref.
any open revascularization 0.81 (0.62–1.06) 0.122 0.86 (0.64–1.15) 0.310
any major amputation 3.05 (2.25–4.13) <0.0001 - -
Any intervention below the knee 1.06 (0.84–1.33) 0.624 - -
Associated minor amputation 1.29 (0.96–1.73) 0.091 - -
Technical success of CLTI revascularization 0.83 (0.55–1.25) 0.37 - -
Postoperative antiplatelets, anticoagulants, statins: monotherapy Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref.
two medications 0.63 (0.48–0.82) 0.001 0.93 (0.67–1.29) 0.678
three or more medications 0.52 (0.37–0.73) <0.0001 0.78 (0.52–1.18) 0.243
Clinical success of CLTI revascularization: worsen Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref.
no change 0.81 (0.50–1.34) 0.415 1.02 (0.59–1.77) 0.949
improved 0.58 (0.38–0.88) 0.011 0.89 (0.52–1.51) 0.666
Limb salvage 0.41 (0.32–0.52) <0.0001 0.71 (0.47–1.06) 0.095

TIA, transient ischemic attack. CLTI, chronic limb-threatening ischemia.