Table 5.
Determinants of Mn biomarker levels above the median after χ2 test and MLR analysis.
| MnUp < 0.6 μg/g | MnUp ≥ 0.6 μg/g | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Active smoking | ||||
| No | 51 (54.8) | 42 (45.2) | Ref. | |
| Yes | 2 (18.2) | 9 (81.8) | 2.62 (0.40–17.32) | 0.318 |
| SES | ||||
| C/B/A | 35 (67.3) | 17 (32.7) | Ref. | |
| D/E | 16 (32.7) | 33 (67.3) | 4.23 (1.70–10.53) | 0.002 |
| Waste burning | ||||
| No | 45 (58.4) | 32 (41.6) | Ref. | |
| Yes | 7 (26.9) | 19 (73.1) | 5.10 (1.43–17.69) | 0.010 |
| MnC < 0.2 μg/g | MnC ≥ 0.2 μg/g | OR (95% CI) | ||
| n (%) | n (%) | |||
| SES | ||||
| C/B/A | 42 (67.7) | 20 (32.3) | Ref. | |
| D/E | 23 (35.9) | 41 (64.1) | 3.95 (1.79–8.73) | 0.001 |
| Passive smoking | ||||
| No | 56 (58.3) | 40 (41.7) | Ref. | |
| Yes | 10 (34.5) | 19 (65.5) | 2.62 (1.004–6.835) | 0.049 |
Adjusted for BMI, municipality, age, gestational age, education; SES: socioeconomic status.