| 5-FU | 5-Fluorouracil |
| CDKs | cyclin-dependent kinases |
| CSCs | cancer stem cells |
| DTCs | disseminated tumor cells |
| DYRK | dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase |
| IDH3 | isocitric dehydrogenase 3 |
| MCTS | multicellular tumor spheroids |
| LCC | latent carcinoma cells |
| OXPHOS | mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation |
| QCCs | quiescent cancer cells |
| Smoi | smoothened inhibitor |