Table 1.

Overview table of markers for quiescent cancer cells and their function.

Marker Expression Level	Function to Induce Quiescent State
p27high	Inhibiting CDK 4/6 [15]
p21high	Inhibiting CDK 4/6 [15]
ERK1/2low p38high	Upregulation of, for example, NR2F1 and p53 [18]
NR2F1	Induction of CDK inhibitors p16 and p27 [19]
DYRK1A	Activating DREAM complex [20]
Mirk/DYRK1B	Stabilization of p27 and activation of DREAM complex [24,25]
p130/Rbhigh	Inhibition of E2F4 transcription factor [23]
Ki67low	Only associated with cells that are rapidly growing and dividing [16]