Table 7.
Factors associated with awareness of risk factors for glaucoma (n = 1076).
| Factors Associated with Awareness of Risk Factors for Glaucoma | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Older Age | Genetic Predisposition (History of Glaucoma in the Family) | Taking Selected Medications (e.g., Steroids) |
Refractive Error | Arterial Hypertension | Diabetes | |||||||
| Variable | OR (95%CI) | p | OR (95%CI) | p | OR (95%CI) | p | OR (95%CI) | p | OR (95%CI) | p | OR (95%CI) | p |
| Gender | ||||||||||||
| male | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| female | 1.42 (1.09–1.84) | 0.01 | 2.47 (1.83–3.34) | <0.001 | 1.25 (0.79–1.98) | 0.3 | 0.98 (0.64–1.50) | 0.9 | 1.44 (1.07–1.93) | 0.02 | 0.97 (0.72–1.31) | 0.8 |
| Age group (years) | ||||||||||||
| 18–34 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 35–49 | 1.39 (0.97–2.01) | 0.07 | 1.20 (0.79–1.82) | 0.4 | 1.11 (0.62–1.99) | 0.7 | 0.78 (0.45–1.36) | 0.4 | 1.46 (0.97–2.22) | 0.07 | 1.24 (0.81–1.91) | 0.3 |
| 50–64 | 1.59 (1.09–2.32) | 0.02 | 1.49 (0.98–2.28) | 0.06 | 0.50 (0.25–1.01) | 0.05 | 0.55 (0.30–1.02) | 0.06 | 1.20 (0.77–1.86) | 0.4 | 1.28 (0.81–2.00) | 0.3 |
| 65+ | 1.42 (0.88–2.29) | 0.2 | 1.39 (0.82–2.35) | 0.2 | 0.64 (0.27–1.49) | 0.3 | 0.50 (0.21–1.19) | 0.1 | 2.69 (1.60–4.53) | <0.001 | 2.02 (1.19–3.44) | 0.01 |
| Educational level | ||||||||||||
| higher | 1.10 (0.84–1.43) | 0.5 | 1.56 (1.16–2.10) | 0.003 | 1.23 (0.78–1.93) | 0.4 | 0.79 (0.51–1.22) | 0.3 | 1.20 (0.89–1.61) | 0.2 | 1.13 (0.83–1.53) | 0.4 |
| less than higher | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Married | ||||||||||||
| yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| no | 1.25 (0.92–1.69) | 0.2 | 0.92 (0.66–1.29) | 0.6 | 1.29 (0.76–2.18) | 0.4 | 1.71 (1.03–2.84) | 0.04 | 0.97 (0.69–1.35) | 0.9 | 0.90 (0.63–1.27) | 0.5 |
| Place of residence | ||||||||||||
| rural area | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| city < 20,000 inhabitants | 0.94 (0.62–1.41) | 0.8 | 1.21 (0.77–1.89) | 0.4 | 1.01 (0.47–2.17) | 0.9 | 0.91 (0.47–1.76) | 0.2 | 0.95 (0.59–1.52) | 0.8 | 1.07 (0.67–1.71) | 0.8 |
| city ≥ 20,000 and <100,000 inhabitants | 1.06 (0.75–1.50) | 0.8 | 0.97 (0.65–1.45) | 0.9 | 1.54 (0.85–2.79) | 0.2 | 1.13 (0.67–1.91) | 0.04 | 1.07 (0.72–1.59) | 0.8 | 1.33 (0.90–1.97) | 0.2 |
| city ≥ 100,000 and <500,000 inhabitants | 1.18 (0.82–1.70) | 0.4 | 1.39 (0.94–2.08) | 0.1 | 1.83 (1.01–3.31) | 0.04 | 0.50 (0.25–0.98) | 0.7 | 1.61 (1.09–2.39) | 0.02 | 0.93 (0.60–1.44) | 0.7 |
| city ≥ 500,000 inhabitants | 0.99 (0.65–1.51) | 0.9 | 1.14 (0.71–1.81) | 0.6 | 0.68 (0.29–1.58) | 0.4 | 0.62 (0.30–1.29) | 0.8 | 1.09 (0.68–1.75) | 0.7 | 1.04 (0.64–1.68) | 0.9 |
| Having children | ||||||||||||
| yes | 1.09 (0.78–1.54) | 0.6 | 0.75 (0.51–1.10) | 0.1 | 0.87 (0.49–1.56) | 0.6 | 1.24 (0.71–2.15) | 0.5 | 1.06 (0.72–1.56) | 0.8 | 0.78 (0.52–1.15) | 0.2 |
| no | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Occupational activity | ||||||||||||
| active | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| passive | 1.00 (0.74–1.35) | 0.9 | 1.30 (0.93–1.81) | 0.1 | 0.93 (0.54–1.59) | 0.8 | 0.65 (0.39–1.08) | 0.1 | 1.05 (0.75–1.49) | 0.8 | 1.24 (0.88–1.77) | 0.2 |
| Economic status | ||||||||||||
| good | 1.00 (0.72–1.40) | 0.9 | 1.28 (0.87–1.88) | 0.2 | 1.06 (0.58–1.93) | 0.8 | 0.84 (0.49–1.44) | 0.5 | 1.25 (0.86–1.82) | 0.2 | 0.95 (0.65–1.38) | 0.8 |
| moderate | 0.82 (0.59–1.15) | 0.2 | 1.28 (0.88–1.86) | 0.2 | 1.28 (0.72–2.28) | 0.4 | 0.93 (0.54–1.56) | 0.8 | 1.04 (0.71–1.51) | 0.9 | 0.71 (0.49–1.04) | 0.08 |
| bad | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Presence of chronic diseases | ||||||||||||
| yes | 1.67 (1.28–2.18) | <0.001 | 1.48 (1.10–1.98) | 0.01 | 1.82 (1.15–2.87) | 0.01 | 1.04 (0.67–1.62) | 0.9 | 1.28 (0.95–1.72) | 0.1 | 1.44 (1.06–1.95) | 0.02 |
| no | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Wearing spectacles or contact lenses | ||||||||||||
| yes | 1.01 (0.78–1.32) | 0.9 | 1.12 (0.83–1.51) | 0.5 | 1.26 (0.79–1.99) | 0.3 | 1.67 (1.07–2.61) | 0.02 | 1.19 (0.89–1.61) | 0.2 | 1.17 (0.86–1.59) | 0.3 |
| no | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
All statistically significant variables are bolded.