Table 3.
Associations between birthweight-for-gestational age status (AGA, LGA, and SGA) and infant length, weight, and weight-for-length z-score from birth to age 25 months in 806 children.
| Predictors | 0–6 months | ≥7 months | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude Model | Adjusted Model | Crude Model | Adjusted Model | |||||
| β (95% CI) | p | β (95% CI) | p | β (95% CI) | p | β (95% CI) | p | |
| Birthweight for GA | Child Length (cm) | |||||||
| AGA | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. | ||||
| LGA | 0.32 (−0.69, 1.33) | 0.54 | 1.06 (0.77, 1.35) | <0.0001 | 1.16 (0.57, 1.74) | 0.0001 | 0.88 (0.38, 1.39) | 0.0006 |
| SGA | −2.69 (−3.81, −1.57) | <0.0001 | −1.81 (−2.36, −1.26) | <0.0001 | −2.26 (−3.40, −1.12) | 0.0001 | −1.93 (−2.88, −0.99) | <0.0001 |
| Weight (kg) | ||||||||
| AGA | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. | ||||
| LGA | 0.51 (0.36, 0.66) | <0.0001 | 0.56 (0.45, 0.67) | <0.0001 | 0.67 (0.43, 0.92) | <0.0001 | 0.63 (0.39, 0.86) | <0.0001 |
| SGA | −0.7 (−0.94, −0.47) | <0.0001 | −0.63 (−0.84, −0.42) | <0.0001 | −0.73 (−1.08, −0.38) | <0.0001 | −0.65 (−0.97, −0.32) | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||||
| AGA | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. | ||||
| LGA | 1.05 (0.83, 1.27) | <0.0001 | 1.11 (0.90, 1.31) | <0.0001 | 0.56 (0.31, 0.81) | <0.0001 | 0.57 (0.32, 0.82) | <0.0001 |
| SGA | −0.98 (−1.37, −0.59) | <0.0001 | −0.98 (−1.38, −0.58) | <0.0001 | −0.24 (−0.55, 0.06) | 0.12 | −0.22 (−0.51, 0.06) | 0.13 |
| Length for age z-score | ||||||||
| AGA | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. | ||||
| LGA | 0.52 (0.38, 0.66) | <0.0001 | 0.52 (0.39, 0.66) | <0.0001 | 0.34 (0.15, 0.53) | 0.0004 | 0.33 (0.14, 0.52) | 0.0008 |
| SGA | −0.86 (−1.13, −0.60) | <0.0001 | −0.89 (−1.15, −0.63) | <0.0001 | −0.70 (−1.07, −0.34) | 0.0002 | −0.71 (−1.06, −0.36) | <0.0001 |
| Weight for age z-score | ||||||||
| AGA | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. | ||||
| LGA | 0.82 (0.70, 0.94) | <0.0001 | 0.82 (0.70,0.95) | <0.0001 | 0.47 (0.29,0.64) | <0.0001 | 0.46 (0.28,0.64) | <0.0001 |
| SGA | −0.96 (−1.27, −0.66) | <0.0001 | −0.99 (−1.29,−0.68) | <0.0001 | −0.51 (−0.77,−0.25) | 0.0001 | −0.52 (−0.77,−0.27) | <0.0001 |
| Weight for length z-score (ZWFL) | ||||||||
| AGA | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. | ||||
| LGA | 0.62 (0.49, 0.75) | <0.0001 | 0.62 (0.49, 0.75) | <0.0001 | 0.42 (0.25, 0.59) | <0.0001 | 0.42 (0.25, 0.59) | <0.0001 |
| SGA | −0.5 (−0.77, −0.23) | 0.0003 | −0.51 (−0.79, −0.24) | 0.0003 | −0.22 (−0.42, −0.02) | 0.03 | −0.23 (−0.43, −0.03) | 0.02 |
The adjusted models included child age, child age2, maternal passive smoking during pregnancy (yes/no), mode of delivery, infant sex, feeding type (exclusive breastfeeding, mixed feeding, and formula) at age 0–6 months, and child passive smoking (yes/no).