Skip to main content
. 2023 Feb 20;24(4):4200. doi: 10.3390/ijms24044200

Table 3.

Type of immune response on ceramic implants. “+” has the type of reaction “-” has no the type of reaction.

Types of Inflammation Alumina (Al2O3) Zirconia Ceramic Titanium Ceramic HA β-Tricalcium Phosphate Bioglass + (Type IV) Ref
Sterile or bacterial (what kind of) Mostly sterile Mostly sterile Mostly sterile

  1. Mostly Sterile

  2. Neisseria Meningitidis (one report available)

 Sterile Sterile [97,98,99,100,101]
Chronic intensive - - + No reports No reports No reports [102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110]
Chronic low grade + + + + + + [100,109,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122]
Allergic No reports + (type IV) + (type IV) No reports + (type IV) No reports [121,123,124,125]
Tissue destruction without clear inflammation + + + No reports No reports No reports [111,112,113]