Table 4.

Most common antioxidant-based plant origin.

Class	Plant Source	Function	Examples	References
Carotenoids	Carrot, pumpkins, winter squash, sweet potato	-Give the characteristic color to some vegetables (carrots, pumpkins corn, tomatoes) -Able to signal the production of absicisic acid, which regulates plant growth, seed dormancy, germination, cell division, stress responses)	Lycopene, alpha carotene, beta carotene, zeaxanthin.	[145,151]
Polyphenols	Berries, herbs and spices, cocoa, nuts, vegetables	Play diverse roles in the ecology of plants, such as releasing growth hormones such as auxin, prevention of microbial infections, Signaling molecules in ripening and other growth processes)	Flavonoids, tannic acid, ellagitannin, catechin.	[152,153]
Vitamin C	vegetables, berries, citrus fruits	Plays a role in controlling infections and healing wounds and is a powerful antioxidant.		[145,154]
Vitamin E	Oilseed, palm oil, nuts, eggs, dairy products, whole grains, vegetables, cereals, margarine, etc.	Used in skincare and wound-treatment products, but no clinical evidence.		[146,155]