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PCA biplot of different extraction methods and measured variables; observations circled in blue indicate distinguished groups (a). Biplots of the measured variables: antioxidant activities, and phenol, flavonoid, and hesperidin contents of orange-by products (b). A–D are the quadrants of the PCA biplot. CSE-conventional solvent extraction, UAE-ultrasound-assisted extraction, ASE-accelerated solvent extraction, DIC-instant controlled pressure drop.
