Table 4.
Antibacterial activity of methanol extracts of A. rugosa hairy root cultured with sucrose and fructose.
| Group | Bacterial Strains | Zone of Inhibition (mm) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Extracts from Hairy Roots Cultured with Sucrose | Extracts from Hairy Roots Cultured with Fructose | ||
| Multidrug-resistant bacteria | P. aeruginosa (KBN-10-p01827) | – 1 | – |
| P. aeruginosa (KBN-10-p01828) | – | – | |
| P. aeruginosa (0225) | – | – | |
| P. aeruginosa (0254) | – | – | |
| P. aeruginosa (0826) | – | – | |
| P. aeruginosa (1113) | – | – | |
| P. aeruginosa (1378) | – | – | |
| P. aeruginosa (1731) | – | – | |
| Pathogens | P. aeruginosa (KCCM 11803) | – | – |
| Escherichia coli (KCTC 1682) | – | – | |
| Staphylococcus aureus (KCTC 3881) | – | – | |
| Salmonella paratyphi C (KCCM 41577) | – | – | |
| Shigella flexneri (KCTC 2517) | – | – | |
| Chryseobacterium gleum (KCTC 2094) | – | – | |
| Staphylococcus epidermidis (KCTC 3958) | – | – | |
| Streptococcus mutans (KCTC 3065) | – | – | |
| Proteus vulgaris (KCTC 2512) | – | – | |
| Proteus mirabilis (KCTC 2510) | – | – | |
| Enterococcus avium (ATCC 14025) | – | – | |
| Vibrio parahaemolyticus (KCTC 2471) | – | – | |
| Corynebacterium xerosis (KCTC 3435) | – | – | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumonia (KCTC 2690) | – | – | |
| Sphingomonas paucimobilis (KCTC 2834) | – | – | |
| Micrococcus luteus (KCTC 3063) | 10.7 ± 0.52 **,2 | 6.1 ± 0.34 | |
| Bacillus cereus (KCTC 3624) | 7.1 ± 0.21 * | 6.5 ± 0.14 | |
| Pathogenic yeast | Candida albicans (ATCC 28367) | – | – |
1 –, negative; 2 asterisks indicate significant differences (t-test, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01).