Table 3.

Clinical and animal modeling of neurologic disease with western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) infection. ^a strain specific.

Species		Neurologic Signs	Route of Infection	References
Human	Clinical	Signs: confusion, coma, weakness, drowsiness, irritability Sequelae: behavioral changes, tremors, convulsions, seizures, photophobia, confusion, intellectual disability, irritability, depression, anxiety, paranoia, emotional instability, deficits in hearing and speech, alveolar hypoventilation, sleep apnea	Aerosol or subcutaneous	[13,14,73,74,75,76,77]
Mouse	BALB/c	Unspecified signs of encephalitis a	Intranasal (CO92 strain)	[78]
		Succumb prior to neurologic signs a	Aerosol and intranasal	[53,79]
	NIH Swiss	Unspecified signs of encephalitis a	Intranasal (CO92 strain)	[78]
		Succumb prior to neurologic signs a	Intranasal (McMillan and TBT235 strains)
	CD-1	Unspecified signs of encephalitis a	Intranasal (CO92 strain)	[78]
	C57BL/6	Unspecified signs of encephalitis a	Intranasal (CO92 strain)	[78]
Hamster	Golden Syrian	Succumb prior to neurologic signs a	Intraperitoneal	[70,80]
		Ataxia and neurologic “fits”	Respiratory, intracranial, intraperitoneal, and intradermal	[81]
Guinea pig	unspecified	Succumb prior to neurologic signs a	Intracranial or intraperitoneal	[82]
Non-human Primate	Cynomolgus Macaques	Reduced activity, tremors, convulsions, reduced response to stimuli, coma	Aerosol	[83]
		No clinical or neurologic signs	Subcutaneous	[42]