. 2023 Feb 6;11(2):414. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11020414

Table 7.

Total short-chain fatty acids (TSCFAs) and SCFAs concentrations (μmol mL⁻¹ of sample) after 8 and 24 h of fermentation for the ASD children group.

Concentration (μmol/mL)
	NC		INU		scFOS		PO		PE		Overall p Value
	8 h	24 h	8 h	24 h	8 h	24 h	8 h	24 h	8 h	24 h	8 h	24 h
TSCFAs	11.67 (11.44–18.27) ^a	23.44 (22.94–28.34) ^a,b	28.21 (22.80–41.49) ^a	47.78 (39.33–66.32) ^a,b	31.11 (26.93–47.15) ^a	63.78 (46.38–79.41) ^a,b	36.74 (30.63–44.75) ^a	60.81 (51.83–69.15) ^a,b	47.21 (36.06–52.26) *^,a	78.61 (60.99–84.45) *^,a,b	0.007	0.005
AA	8.03 (6.45–11.69) ^a	14.58 (12.07–17.25) ^a,b	17.74 (15.76–31.10) ^a	33.82 (23.50–52.40) ^a,b	22.96 (18.35–38.53) ^a	52.91 (34.03–70.19) *^,a,b	26.35 (19.85–27.67) ^a	30.12 (27.82–37.95) ^a,b	26.58 (23.52–37.06) *^,a	40.53 (30.59–52.39) ^a	0.013	0.012
PPA	2.21 (1.74–2.63) ^a	3.80 (3.18–4.12) ^a,b	4.37 (2.28–4.65) ^a	5.80 (3.20–6.22) ^a,b	3.51 (2.03–5.24) ^a	3.87 (2.39–6.24) ^a,b	6.94 (3.64–7.40) ^a	9.69 (9.29–12.13) *^,a,b	7.88 (3.33–11.22) *^,a	12.63 (9.79–17.90) *^{,†,a, b}	0.029	0.001
BA	1.80 (1.62–2.56)	3.34 (2.81–4.91) ^a,b	5.04 (3.09–6.68) ^a	9.35 (5.61–11.71) ^a,b	4.99 (2.19–6.50) ^a	6.10 (2.54–9.75) ^a	7.39 (3.29–10.28) ^a	17.86 (10.18–20.37) *^,a,b	6.99 (2.73–11.61) ^a	19.97 (7.35–26.23) *^,a,b	0.042	0.010
BSCFAs	0.53 (0.37–1.27) ^a	2.25 (2.24–2.30) ^a,b	0.22 (0.19–0.34) ^a	0.48 (0.43–0.92) ^a,b	0.20 (0.15–0.31) *^,a	0.24 (0.18–0.28) *	0.25 (0.21–0.35) ^a	0.59 (0.31–2.32) ^a,b	0.29 (0.24–0.63) ^a	0.91 (0.29–1.55) ^a,b	0.030	0.003
Other	0.32 (0.24–0.54) ^a	0.84 (0.78–0.94) ^a,b	0.23 (0.18–0.32)	0.28 (0.26–0.45) ^a,b	0.17 (0.15–0.27)	0.19 (0.16–0.29) *	0.17 (0.15–0.37)	0.32 (0.24–1.48) ^b	0.15 (0.13–0.51)	0.37 (0.20–1.25) ^a,b	0.257	0.029
Other	2.72 (1.79–3.52)	3.41 (3.00–3.89)	0.71 (0.63–1.04) ^a	0.62 (0.41–1.01) ^a	0.54 (0.41–0.82) *^,a	0.30 (0.22–0.58) *^,a	0.55 (0.47–0.86) ^a	0.53 (0.46–2.22) ^a	0.39 (0.32–1.05) *^,a	0.51 (0.34–1.49) ^a	0.007	0.022

Values are expressed as median and Q1–Q3 quartiles for non-parametric data; ^a: significantly different compared to t = 0 h for ASD children and treatment (Wilcoxon signed-rank test); *: significantly different compared to NC after 24 h of fermentation for ASD children (Kruskall–Wallis test with pairwise comparisons); ^†: significantly different compared to scFOS after fermentation for ASD children (Kruskall–Wallis test with paiwise comparisons); ^b: significantly different compared to 8 h of fermentation for each condition and treatment (Wilcoxon signed rank test). AA: acetate, PPA: Propionate, BA: butyrate, BSCFAs: Branched short-chain fatty acids.