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. 2023 Feb 14;20(4):3319. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20043319

Table 5.

Comparisons of HADS scores for participants with and without depression or mood disorders.

Depression or Mood Disorders No Depression or Mood Disorders
M SD M SD t df d
Anxiety 8.78 3.624 7.19 3.902 2.535 ** 279 0.438
Depression 6.67 3.873 4.97 3.634 2.832 *** 279 0.466

M –mean, SD—standard deviation, t—t-test value, df—degrees of freedom, d—Cohen’s effect size,*** p < 0.01; ** p < 0.05.