Table 2.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Inclusion Criteria
Articles proposing a machine learning method mainly or hybrid with other methods for belt conveyor idler failure diagnosis and detection
2.Articles that utilize or validate machine learning methods for FDD in belt conveyor idlers
3.Articles demonstrating FD for belt conveyor idlers written in the English language only
Exclusion Criteria
Articles that are not written in English
2.Articles that utilize acoustic and vibration approaches for other purposes
3.Articles that do not utilize machine learning methods
4.Articles providing unclear results or findings
5.Duplicated studies