Table 1.
Descriptive Characteristics of the Analytical Sample from Waves 1, 2, and 3
| Variable | Wave 1 | Wave 2 | Wave 3 | Change over timea | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 818 | n = 648 | n = 589 | Dist.b | β | OR | t | p | |
| Age, M (SD) | 55.74 (2.41) | 61.36 (2.42) | 67.20 (2.54) | — | — | — | — | — |
| Education (years), M (SD) | 13.98 (2.16) | 14.93 (2.16) | 14.17 (2.14) | — | — | — | — | — |
| Race (Ref. = non-Hispanic White), n (%) | 759 (92.8) | 595 (91.8) | 542 (92.0) | — | — | — | — | — |
| Income,cM (SD) | 6.48 (2.97) | 6.14 (3.08) | 6.14 (3.16) | G | −0.06 | — | 3.58 | <.001 |
| Relationship status (Ref. = partnered), n (%) | 758 (92.7) | 571 (88.1) | 499 (84.7) | L | — | 1.07 | 4.37 | <.001 |
| Erectile function, M (SD) | 17.91 (2.65) | 11.02 (6.99) | 11.18 (6.69) | G | −0.44 | — | 22.91 | <.001 |
| Change in erectile function | — | −6.84 (6.83) | −6.73 (6.36) | — | — | — | — | — |
| Sexual satisfaction, M (SD) | 12.70 (2.35) | 9.11 (3.95) | 8.61 (4.15) | G | −0.44 | — | 23.35 | <.001 |
| Change in sexual satisfaction | — | −3.59 (3.91) | −4.11 (4.20) | — | — | — | — | — |
| Frequency of sexual activity,d median (IQR) | 2 (1) | 2 (2) | 1 (2) | M | −0.39 | — | 23.61 | <.001 |
| Episodic memory, M (SD) | 0.0 (1.00) | −0.28 (1.06) | −0.55 (1.15) | G | −0.24 | — | 19.71 | <.001 |
| Executive function, M (SD) | 0.0 (1.00) | −0.55 (0.94) | −0.86 (.95) | G | −0.37 | — | 30.57 | <.001 |
| Processing speed, M (SD) | 0.0 (1.00) | −0.76 (1.05) | −1.16 (1.15) | G | −0.44 | — | 39.38 | <.001 |
| Number of CVDs, n (%) | — | — | — | P | — | 1.16 | 13.42 | <.001 |
| 0 | 299 (36.6) | 137 (21.1) | 89 (15.1) | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1 | 182 (22.2) | 125 (19.3) | 87 (14.8) | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2+ | 336 (41.1) | 386 (59.6) | 413 (70.1) | — | — | — | — | — |
| Number of non-CVD medical conditions, n (%) | — | — | — | P | — | 1.15 | 13.56 | <.001 |
| 0 | 426 (52.1) | 313 (48.3) | 221 (37.5) | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1 | 221 (27.0) | 244 (37.7) | 221 (37.5) | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2+ | 120 (14.7) | 91 (14.0) | 147 (25.0) | — | — | — | — | — |
| Depressive symptoms (CESD), M (SD) | 7.33 (7.24) | 6.55 (7.48) | 6.11 (6.86) | G | −0.07 | — | 4.28 | <.001 |
| Physical function (SF-36), M (SD) | 27.34 (3.30) | 26.38 (4.04) | 25.76 (4.33) | G | −0.74 | — | 11.53 | <.001 |
| Current smoking status (Ref. = yes), n (%) | 186 (22.7) | 8 (1.2) | 76 (12.9) | L | — | 1.12 | 7.61 | <.001 |
| Alcohol consumption,en (%) | — | — | — | M | — | — | 0.002 | <.001 |
| 0 (zero) | 245 (30.0) | 226 (34.9) | 214 (36.3) | — | — | 0.97 | 3.04 | .002 |
| 1 (1–28 drinks) | 462 (56.5) | 342 (52.8) | 304 (51.6) | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2 (>28 drinks) | 111 (13.6) | 80 (12.3) | 71 (12.1) | — | — | — | — | — |
| Erectile dysfunction medications, n (%) | — | — | — | P | — | 2.51 | 3.27 | .001 |
| 0 | 801 (97.9) | 546 (84.3) | 459 (77.9) | — | — | — | — | — |
| ≥1 | 17 (2.1) | 102 (15.7) | 130 (14.3) | — | — | — | — | — |
Notes: Each major header the second to fourth column represents the outcome of an age-based multilevel model predicting variables listed in the first column. OR = odds ratio; SD = standard deviation; CESD = Center for Epidemiological Studies; CVD = cardiovascular disease; Ref. = reference group; SF-36 = Short Form Quality-of-Life Questionnaire—36 Questions; G = Gaussian; IQR = Interquartile range; L = Logistic; M = multinomial; P = Poisson.
aResults from an age-based multilevel model predicting variable to evaluate if change over time is significant (time refers to age in years).
bDistribution of the multilevel model predicting variable (G = Gaussian for continuous outcomes; B = binomial for models with dichotomous outcomes; M = multinomial for ordinal outcomes; P = Poisson for count outcomes).
cMedian of an ordinal variable where 1 = <10,000; 2 = 10,000 to 19,999; 3 = 20,000 to 29,999; 4 = 30,000 to 39,999; 5 = 40,000 to 49,999; 6 = 50,000 to 59,999; 7 = 60,000 to 69,999, 8 = 70,000 to 79,999; 9 = 80,000 to 89,999; 10 = 90,000 to 99,999; 11 = 100,000 to 109,999; 12 = 110,000 to 119,999, 13 = 120,000 or more.
dAverage of an ordinal variable with responses of 1 (1–2 attempts), 2 (3–4 attempts), 3 (5–6 attempts), 4 (7–10 attempts), or 5 (11+ attempts).
eThe number of drinks consumed in the past 2 weeks.