Neuroinflammation and intestinal inflammation were attenuated following Sodium butyrate (NaB) treatment due to the inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-B signaling pathway. (A,B) The levels of serum inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, and IL-6. (C,F) Representative Western blots for striatal and colonic IL-6 and TNF-α expression. (D,E,G,H) Band intensities of TNF-α and IL-6 in the striatum and colon were quantified using ImageJ and normalized to β-actin. (I,M) TLR4, MyD88, and NF-B expression levels in the striatum and colon are shown in a representative Western blot. (J–L,N–P) The band density analysis for TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB proteins in the striatum and colon. Band intensities were normalized to β-actin for quantification. For (A,B), n = 6. For (D,E,G,H), n = 5. For (J–L,N–P), n = 3. * p < 0.5, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001; data are presented as means ± SEM.