Figure 3.
Mean numbers of (a) Hymenoptera, (b) Diptera pollinator visits (honey bees, wild bees) and Diptera visits on ground cover patches (1 min/6.4 m2) in apple orchards and (c) mean flower cover percentage per plant species in the patches in year 2021. FM: sown flowering mixture; NV: natural vegetation (wild plants); IPM: IPM orchard, OP: organic palmette orchard, OG: organic goblet orchard. Vertical bars represent standard error of means. Other species: Brassica nigra, Cardamine hirsuta, Geranium disectum, Malva spp., Matricaria chamomila, Medicago polymorpha, Poa annua, Raphanus sp., Senecio vulgaris, Sonchus oleraceus, Taraxacum officinale, Trifolium repens, Alopecurus myosuroides, Campanula sp., Chrysanthemum sp., Fumaria officinalis, Papaver rhoeas, Picris hieracioides, Vicia incisa.