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. 2023 Feb 13;24(4):3739. doi: 10.3390/ijms24043739

Table 1.

Mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative diseases.

Neurodegenerative Diseases Mechanisms Involved References
Parkinson’s disease
(PD)
  • -

    Accumulation of intraneuronal Lewy bodies

  • -

    Interaction of a-synuclein aggregates with transport machineries of the outer membrane

  • -

    Inhibition of Complex I

  • -

    Alteration of mitophagy

 [32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42]
Alzheimer’s disease
(AD)
  • -

    Formation of Ab aggregates and tau fibrils

  • -

    Blocking of transport of mitochondria towards synapses

  • -

    Increase of mitochondrial fission

  • -

    Deregulation of mitophagy

 [32,34,43,44,45,46]
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS)
  • -

    Mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum abnormalities

  • -

    Disruption of signaling between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum

 [47,48,49,50]
Multiple Sclerosis
(MS)
  • -

    Autoreactivity of CD4+ T helper type 1 cells against myelin components

  • -

    Overactivation of mitochondrial respiratory chain

  • -

    Alterations in mitochondrial membranes and mtDNA

  • -

    Mitochondrial fragmentation

  • -

    Demyelination

 [51,52,53,54,55]
Huntington’s disease
(HD)
  • -

    Mutation of HTT protein

  • -

    Induction of higher levels of ROS

  • -

    Reduced or no activity of Complexes II, III and IV

  • -

    Increased mitochondria fission

  • -

    Impaired mitochondria trafficking ad mitophagy

 [19,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63]