Table 1.

Characteristics of included studies.

N	ID		Genotype	Sex	Intervention	Dose	Method of Intervention	Duration (Week)	F/B		Analyzed Aortic Section
									Intervention	Control
Berries, Polyphenols, and Alkaloids
1	Chrysoula Matziouridou, 2016 [27]		ApoE−/− 1	M	Lingonberries	44%	In diet	8	-	-	whole aorta
2	Jiyun Liu, 2022 [33]	A	ApoE−/−	F	Lingonberry	63 g/kg	In diet	10.5	1.73	7.39	aortic root
		B	ApoE−/−	F	Lingonberry flavonoids	2 g/kg	In diet	10.5	1.73	7.39	aortic root
3	McKenzie Clark, 2022 [22]	A	ApoE−/−	F	Gallic acid	0.2%	In drinking water	7	6.29	13.59	whole aorta
		B	ApoE−/−	M	Gallic acid	0.2%	In drinking water	7	5.08	9.42	whole aorta
4	Ming-liang Chen, 2016 [40]	A	ApoE−/−	F	Resveratrol	0.4%	In diet	4	-	-	aortic root
		B	ApoE−/−	F	Resveratrol	0.4%	In diet	4	-	-	aortic sinus
5	Fengming Liu, 2021 [31]	A	ApoE−/−	M	Millet shell polyphenols	50 mg/kg	In diet	16	4.36	17.85	aortic sinus
		B	ApoE−/−	M	Millet shell polyphenols	100 mg/kg	In diet	16	2.75	17.85	aortic sinus
6	Feng Wang, 2020 [28]	A	ApoE−/−	F	Naringin	100 mg/kg	In diet	16	-	-	aortic sinus
		B	ApoE−/−	F	Naringin	100 mg/kg	In diet	16	-	-	whole aorta
7	J. Nie, 2019 [29]		LDLR−/− 2	-	Quercetin	100 µg/day	In diet	12	0.3	1.45	aortic sinus
8	Erika Caro-Gómez, 2019 [30]		ApoE−/−	M	Green coffee extract	220 mg/kg	Oral gavage	14	-	-	aortic sinus
9	Kaiyang Lin, 2022 [32]		ApoE−/−	F	Geraniin	80 mg/kg	In drinking water	12	0.47	1.33	aortic root
10	Zhen-Lin Liao, 2016 [39]	A	ApoE−/−	M/F	Tea polyphenols	1.6 g/L	In drinking water	16	-	-	whole aorta
		B	ApoE−/−	M/F	Tea polyphenols	0.8 g/L	In drinking water	16	-	-	whole aorta
		C	ApoE−/−	M/F	Tea polyphenols	0.4 g/L	In drinking water	16	-	-	whole aorta
11	Shiying Yang, 2021 [37]		ApoE−/−	M	Procyanidin A2	110 mg/kg	In drinking water	12	0.58	0.96	-
12	Ming Gao, 2022 [41]		ApoE−/−	-	Gypenoside XLIX	30 mg/kg	By gavage	6	-	-	aortic sinus
13	Siddhartha S. Ghosh, 2014 [35]	A	LDLR−/−	-	Curcumin	100 mg/kg	In drinking water	16	-	-	whole aorta
		B	LDLR−/−	-	Curcumin	100 mg/kg	In drinking water	16	-	-	aortic arch
14	Lin Zhu, 2018 [23]		ApoE−/−	F	Berberine	0.5 g/L	In drinking water	14	-	-	whole aorta
15	Yafei Shi, 2018 [38]		ApoE−/−	M	Berberine	50 mg/kg	Intragastric twice weekly	12	1.42	0.52	aortic sinus
16	Min Wu, 2020 [34]	A	ApoE−/−	M	Berberine	100 mg/kg	By gavage	13	4.7	4	aortic arch
		B	ApoE−/−	M	Berberine	50 mg/kg	By gavage	13	5.06	4	aortic arch
17	Xingxing Li, 2021 [36]	A	ApoE−/−	F	Berberine	100 mg/kg	By gavage	16	-	-	aortic root
		B	ApoE−/−	F	Berberine	200 mg/kg	By gavage	16	-	-	aortic root
Probiotics
1	Jinghui Tang, 2021 [46]	A	ApoE−/−	F	Enterobacter aerogenes ZDY01	108 cfu 3	In diet	16	-	-	aortic arch
		B	ApoE−/−	F	Enterobacter aerogenes ZDY01	108 cfu	In diet	16	-	-	whole aorta
2	Frida Fak, 2012 [49]		ApoE−/−	-	Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 1798	109 cfu	In drinking water	12	-	-	aortic root
3	Andrea Mencarelli, 2012 [48]		ApoE−/−	M	VSL#3	20 × 109 cfu	In drinking water	12	-	-	aortic root
4	Tianyi Jiang, 2020 [45]		ApoE−/−	M	Lactobacillus mucosae	109 cfu	By gavage	13	-	-	aortic sinus
5	Jin Li, 2016 [47]		ApoE−/−	M	Akkermansia muciniphila	5 × 109 cfu	Oral gavage	8	-	-	aortic root
6	Taiji Mizoguchi, 2016 [43]		ApoE−/−	F	Pediococcus acidilactici	1.8 × 1011 cfu	In drinking water	12	-	-	aortic sinus
7	Yee Kwan Chan, 2016 1 [44]		ApoE−/−	F	VSL#3	2.78 × 1011 cfu	In diet	12	-	-	aortic sinus
8	Yee Kwan Chan, 2016 2 [11]		ApoE−/−	F	Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG	108 cfu	In diet	12	-	-	aortic sinus
9	Adil Hassan, 2016 [42]		ApoE−/−	-	Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917	109 cfu	In diet	12	-	-	aortic arch

¹ apolipoprotein E (Apoe) knockout; ² LDL receptor knock-out; ³ colony forming unit.