Table 1.
Summary table of the included studies in the review with main findings.
| Study | Study Design | Country | Demographics | Aim | Results | Level of Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carvalho-Lima et al., 2017 [20] | A Randomized Clinical Trial | Brazil/Spain |
n = 21 (7 men/14 women) (i) CG: n = 7; (ii) WBVE1: n = 7; (iii) WBVE2: n = 7; Age 66.65 ± 2.90 years. |
Evaluate the effect of WBVE on the quality of the life of individuals with MSy through the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. | WBVE in a protocol (one or two times per week) with a progressive and increased frequency improves the quality of life of patients with MSy in different domains of the WHOQOL-BREF. | II |
| Paineiras-Domingos et al., 2018 [22] | Pseudo-randomized controlled trial study |
Brazil/Italy |
n = 39 (i) WBVEeG: n = 22 (ii) CG: n = 17; Age 47 to 69 years. |
Evaluate functionality through SPPB in individuals with MSy after WBVE. |
WBVE is a feasible physical activity for individuals with Msy. Through the adhesion to this type of aerobic activity, some functional parameters such as balance, gait, and lower limb strength are improved. Consequently, a better quality of life can be offered to these individuals, contributing to what is advocated as intervention strategy in this syndrome: a change to a better lifestyle. | III-1 |
| Sá-Caputo et al., 2018 [9] | Pseudo-randomized controlled Trial |
Brazil/France/Spain/Australia |
n = 44 (i) CG: n = 15 Age 58.20 ± 9.11 years BM 87.43 ± 18.02 kg (ii) WBVE exercise: n = 29 Age 61.10 ± 8.39 years, BM 83.65 ± 16.27 kg |
Assess the acute effect of WBVE exercise, with low frequency (5 Hz), on the pain level, trunk flexibility, and cardiovascular responses ([BP] and [HR]) in individuals with Msy. | WBVE exposure with low frequency (5 Hz) is responsible in inducing physiological parameters that contribute to decrease the PL and to increase the flexibility as well as to maintain cardiovascular responses (HR and BP) in individuals with Msy. |
III-1 |
| Sousa-Gonçalves et al., 2019 [1] | Quasi-randomized and cross-over controlled trial study |
Brazil/France/Italy |
n = 39 (i) CG: n = 17 Age 58.1 ± 2.07 years, BM 88.8 ± 4.08 kg (ii) TG: n = 22 Age 60.7 ± 1.91 years, BM:83.1 ± 3.65 kg. |
Analyze the effects of WBVE on Msy individuals’ neuromuscular activation using the sEMG pattern RMS of the VL muscle and on the ROM of the knees. | WBVE can be a modality of exercise to increase the neuromuscular activity of the VL muscle using a 5-week protocol. An increase in ROM of the knees in individuals with Msy was not observed with the same protocol. WBVE appears to be an adequate strategy to improve neuromuscular activity in individuals with Msy, overweight, and obesity, being a potential opportunity for the management of physical impairment in these individuals. Nevertheless, further additional studies with larger samples and more prolonged periods of WBVE exposure are needed to confirm our preliminary findings. | III-1 |
| Figueiredo-Azeredo et al., 2019 [21] | Cross-sectional and randomized study | Brazil//France/Italy |
n = 19 (i) GFF: n = 9 (ii) GVF: n = 10 Age 58.79 ± 12.55 years Height: 1.62 ± 0.09 m BM: 86.27 ± 15.03 kg |
Investigate the effect of WBVE exercise on parameters related to the sleep quality in MSy individuals. | WBVE intervention was capable of interfering with physiological mechanisms with effects on the WC and HR, leading to the improvement of the quality of sleep in MSy individuals. WBVE exercise might be an important clinical intervention for the management of some factors associated with poor quality of sleep (FFG and VFG) and in the daytime sleepiness in MSy individuals with variable frequencies (5–16 Hz). | II |
| Paiva et al., 2019 [24] | Randomized clinical trial pilot study | Brazil/France/Italy/New Zealand |
n = 19 patients Age 58.79 ± 12.55 years Height: 1.62 ± 0.09 m BM: 86.27 ± 15.03 kg |
Evaluate the acute and cumulative effects from 6 weeks of WBVE exercise using 2 biomechanical conditions [FF] and [VF]) on flexibility and RPE in MSy individuals. | WBVE exercise improved the flexibility and decreased the RPE in MSy individuals. These findings suggest that WBVE exercise can be incorporated into physical activities for MSy individuals. | II |
| Paineiras-Domingos et al., 2020 [23] | Pseudo-randomized crossover study |
Brazil/France/Italy |
n = 33 patients (i) WBVEeG, n = 17, (15 women/02 men) Age 61.1 ± 8.4 years (ii) CG, n = 16,(14 women/02 men) Age 58.2 ± 9.1 years |
Evaluate the effects of WBVE on quality of life and chronic pain in individuals MSy. | WBVE in MSy individuals is capable significantly (i) to promote na improvement of QoL considering the physical and psychological domains, as accumulative effect and (ii) to reduce CPL in the acute interventions in the first and in the last sessions. Therefore, WBVE would represent a suitable and useful physical activity that could be included in health programs for MSy individuals, following the WHO recommendations. | III-1 |
| Reis-Silva et al., 2022 [26] | Randomized controlled trial | Brazil/France/Italy |
n = 22 patients (16 women/6 men), FFG-WBVE (n = 12; median age = 50.50 years and BMI = 31.95 kg/m2) VFG-WBVE (n = 10; median age = 57.50 years and BMI = 32.50 kg/m2) |
Investigate the effects of two 6-week WBVE protocols on body composition in patients with MSy. | 6-weeks of VFG-WBVE, performed actively, can positively modify body composition in individuals with MSy. The improvement in fat mass, on the left and right arms and trunk, is clinically noteworthy, since the reduction of this fat tissue can contribute to improvements in metabolic health and reduce the cardiovascular risk factor. | II |
MSy: metabolic syndrome; WBVE: whole-body vibration exercise; VFG-WBVE/GVF/VF: group variable frequency; FFG-WBVE/GFF/FF: group fixed frequency; CG: control group; BMI: body mass index; BM: body mass; CPL: chronic pain level; WHO: World Health Organization; QoL: quality of life; RPE: Rating of Perceived Exertion; sEMG: surface electromyography; RMS: root mean square; VL: vastus lateralis muscle, ROM: range of motion; BP: blood pressure; HR: heart rate; SPPB: short physical performance battery.