Figure 3.

Correlations between clinical features and abnormal effective connectivity (EC) in the drug-naïve group (unmedicated benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes). Asterisks (*) indicate residuals of the linear regression model controlling for both age and sex. (A) The EC of Broca’s area to the right putamen showed significantly positive correlations with VIQ (verbal intelligence quotient). (B) The EC from the left putamen to Broca’s area showed significantly negative correlations with PIQ (performance intelligence quotient). (C) The EC from the left putamen to Broca’s area showed significantly negative correlations with FSIQ (full-scale intelligence quotient). (D) The EC of Broca’s area to the ACC showed significantly negative correlations with the frequency of seizures. ACC, anterior cingulate cortex.