Figure 3.

In vitro treatment with Na₂SeO₃ attenuated intracellular OS and restored the mitochondrial functions of OP-BMMSCs. (A) Na₂SeO₃ increased the enzyme activity of total GPx in a dose-dependent manner, n = 4. (B) Gpx1 gene expression was quantified with real-time RT-PCR, n = 4. (C) The protein level of GPx1 was determined using Western blot, n = 3. (D) Treatment with Na₂SeO₃ significantly reduced the intracellular ROS, n = 3. (E) Treatment with Na₂SeO₃ attenuated mitochondrial superoxide level, n = 3. (F) ATP content was measured in Na₂SeO₃-treated OP-BMMSCs, n = 3. (G, H) Treatment with Na₂SeO₃ improved MMP in OP-BMMSCs, n = 3. (I) The gene expressions of Nd4, sdha, Cox4 and Atp5a were quantified with real-time RT-PCR, n = 4. (J) The protein levels of ND4, SDHA, COX4 and ATP5A were determined using Western blot, n = 3. Values represent mean ± SEM. Statistically significant differences are indicated by * where P < 0.05 or ** where P < 0.01 between the indicated groups.