Figure 2.

Mitochondrial fission and fusion of VSMCs in vascular remodeling. Mitochondria in vascular remodeling are characterized by increased fission and reduced fusion. Dynamin-related protein-1 (DRP-1) is a GTP hydrolase (GTPase) that initiates fission. Mitochondrial fission is associated with ATP production and O² consumption decrease. Mitofusin-1 and 2 (MFN-1 and MFN-2) are GTPases in the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM). These two enzymes mediate the fusion of OMM adjacent mitochondria. Optic atrophy protein-1 (OPA-1) is a dynamin-related protein localized in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) that participates in the fusion of IMM. Mitochondrial fusion is associated with an increase in ATP production and OXPHOS.