Figure 5.
HPBI and its aluminum complex induce the antioxidant defense system of Fusarium equiseti-infected pepper plants under greenhouse conditions. (A) Total soluble phenolics (mg GAE g−1 FW). (B) Total soluble flavonoids (mg RE g−1 FW). (C) Peroxidase activity (μM Tetraguaiacol g−1 FW min−1). (D) Polyphenol oxidase activity (arbitrary units). (E–H) Relative gene expression of superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] (CaSOD-Cu), L-ascorbate peroxidase 1, cytosolic (CaAPX), glutathione reductase, chloroplastic (CaGR), and monodehydroascorbate reductase (CaMDHAR). Values represent the means ± standard deviation (means ± SD) of six biological replicates (n = 6). Different letters signify statistically significant differences between treatments (p < 0.05).