Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Participants
| All Participants (n =1567) | Male (n = 900) | Female (n =667) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 52.28 ± 10.99 | 50.25 ± 10.85 | 55.01 ± 10.60 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.67 ± 3.62 | 26.18 ± 3.53 | 24.99 ± 3.63 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 135.52 ± 19.35 | 133.00 ± 18.17 | 138.93 ± 20.36 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 83.19 ± 11.10 | 84.55 ± 11.11 | 81.36 ± 10.83 | <0.001 |
| FPG (mmol/l) | 8.72 ± 3.40 | 8.85 ± 3.52 | 8.54 ± 3.23 | 0.077 |
| C peptide | 0.41 (0.27–0.60) | 0.40 (0.25–0.59) | 0.41 (0.28–0.61) | 0.565 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.36 ± 2.23 | 8.53 ± 2.32 | 8.13 ± 2.09 | <0.001 |
| TC (mmol/l) | 4.92 ± 1.23 | 4.83 ± 1.32 | 5.04 ± 1.09 | <0.001 |
| TG (mmol/l) | 1.86 (1.30–2.84) | 1.98 (1.32–3.18) | 1.74 (1.25–2.50) | <0.001 |
| HDL-c (mmol/l) | 1.25 ± 0.33 | 1.17 ± 0.30 | 1.36 ± 0.32 | <0.001 |
| LDL-c (mmol/l) | 2.78 ± 0.90 | 2.74 ± 0.89 | 2.82 ± 0.91 | 0.087 |
| WHtR | 0.57 ± 0.06 | 0.56 ± 0.06 | 0.57 ± 0.06 | 0.051 |
| WHpR | 0.94 ± 0.07 | 0.95 ± 0.07 | 0.92 ± 0.07 | <0.001 |
| TyG | 2.11 ± 0.83 | 2.19 ± 0.90 | 2.00 ± 0.71 | <0.001 |
| TyG-BMI | 54.97 ± 24.82 | 58.31 ± 27.33 | 50.45 ± 20.13 | <0.001 |
| TyG-WC | 194.85 ± 84.73 | 207.71 ± 92.99 | 177.50 ± 68.42 | <0.001 |
| TyG-WHtR | 1.21 ± 0.51 | 1.25 ± 0.55 | 1.15 ± 0.44 | <0.001 |
| TyG-WHpR | 2.00 ± 0.84 | 2.10 ± 0.91 | 1.85 ± 0.70 | <0.001 |
| Smoking (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Never | 997 (63.67%) | 353 (39.27%) | 644 (96.55%) | |
| Former | 123 (7.85%) | 118 (13.13%) | 5 (0.75%) | |
| Current | 446 (28.48%) | 428 (47.61%) | 18 (2.70%) | |
| Alcohol consumption (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Never | 1071 (68.39%) | 440 (48.94%) | 631 (94.60%) | |
| Former | 115 (7.34%) | 99 (11.01%) | 16 (2.40%) | |
| Current | 380 (24.27%) | 360 (40.04%) | 20 (3.00%) | |
| Work (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 679 (43.44%) | 213 (23.69%) | 466 (70.18%) | |
| Yes | 884 (56.56%) | 686 (76.31%) | 198 (29.82%) | |
| MetS (%) | 0.001 | |||
| No | 445 (28.40%) | 225 (25.00%) | 220 (32.98%) | |
| Yes | 1122 (71.60%) | 675 (75.00%) | 447 (67.02%) | |
| Menopause (%) | ||||
| No | 500 (74.96%) | |||
| Yes | 167 (25.04%) | |||
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycosylated haemoglobin; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio; WHpR, waist-to-hip ratio; TyG, triglyceride glucose index; TyG-BMI, product of TyG and body mass index; TyG-WC, product of TyG and waist circumference; TyG-WHtR, product of TyG and waist-to-height ratio; TyG-WHpR, product of TyG and waist-to-hip ratio; Mets, metabolic syndrome.