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. 2023 Feb 21;16:505–514. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S399275

Table 1.

Baseline Characteristics of the Participants

All Participants (n =1567) Male (n = 900) Female (n =667) P-value
Age (years) 52.28 ± 10.99 50.25 ± 10.85 55.01 ± 10.60 <0.001
BMI (kg/m2) 25.67 ± 3.62 26.18 ± 3.53 24.99 ± 3.63 <0.001
SBP (mmHg) 135.52 ± 19.35 133.00 ± 18.17 138.93 ± 20.36 <0.001
DBP (mmHg) 83.19 ± 11.10 84.55 ± 11.11 81.36 ± 10.83 <0.001
FPG (mmol/l) 8.72 ± 3.40 8.85 ± 3.52 8.54 ± 3.23 0.077
C peptide 0.41 (0.27–0.60) 0.40 (0.25–0.59) 0.41 (0.28–0.61) 0.565
HbA1c (%) 8.36 ± 2.23 8.53 ± 2.32 8.13 ± 2.09 <0.001
TC (mmol/l) 4.92 ± 1.23 4.83 ± 1.32 5.04 ± 1.09 <0.001
TG (mmol/l) 1.86 (1.30–2.84) 1.98 (1.32–3.18) 1.74 (1.25–2.50) <0.001
HDL-c (mmol/l) 1.25 ± 0.33 1.17 ± 0.30 1.36 ± 0.32 <0.001
LDL-c (mmol/l) 2.78 ± 0.90 2.74 ± 0.89 2.82 ± 0.91 0.087
WHtR 0.57 ± 0.06 0.56 ± 0.06 0.57 ± 0.06 0.051
WHpR 0.94 ± 0.07 0.95 ± 0.07 0.92 ± 0.07 <0.001
TyG 2.11 ± 0.83 2.19 ± 0.90 2.00 ± 0.71 <0.001
TyG-BMI 54.97 ± 24.82 58.31 ± 27.33 50.45 ± 20.13 <0.001
TyG-WC 194.85 ± 84.73 207.71 ± 92.99 177.50 ± 68.42 <0.001
TyG-WHtR 1.21 ± 0.51 1.25 ± 0.55 1.15 ± 0.44 <0.001
TyG-WHpR 2.00 ± 0.84 2.10 ± 0.91 1.85 ± 0.70 <0.001
Smoking (%) <0.001
Never 997 (63.67%) 353 (39.27%) 644 (96.55%)
Former 123 (7.85%) 118 (13.13%) 5 (0.75%)
Current 446 (28.48%) 428 (47.61%) 18 (2.70%)
Alcohol consumption (%) <0.001
Never 1071 (68.39%) 440 (48.94%) 631 (94.60%)
Former 115 (7.34%) 99 (11.01%) 16 (2.40%)
Current 380 (24.27%) 360 (40.04%) 20 (3.00%)
Work (%) <0.001
No 679 (43.44%) 213 (23.69%) 466 (70.18%)
Yes 884 (56.56%) 686 (76.31%) 198 (29.82%)
MetS (%) 0.001
No 445 (28.40%) 225 (25.00%) 220 (32.98%)
Yes 1122 (71.60%) 675 (75.00%) 447 (67.02%)
Menopause (%)
No 500 (74.96%)
Yes 167 (25.04%)

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycosylated haemoglobin; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio; WHpR, waist-to-hip ratio; TyG, triglyceride glucose index; TyG-BMI, product of TyG and body mass index; TyG-WC, product of TyG and waist circumference; TyG-WHtR, product of TyG and waist-to-height ratio; TyG-WHpR, product of TyG and waist-to-hip ratio; Mets, metabolic syndrome.