Table 2.
Main findings of the studies on the role of miRNAs 25, -93, -210, and -126 in DN.
| miRNA | Reference | Study Design | Population | Main Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| miRNA-25 | [43] | Hospital-based cohort cross-sectional study | 70 patients with T1D with a 5 years’ duration of diabetes or more -25 patients (16 males and 9 females) without DN (normal ACR) -45 patients (19 males and 26 females) with DN (increased ACR). |
miRNA-25 may have a reno-protective role. Negative correlation between miRNA-25 and ACR was found. miRNAs-25 levels were upregulated in the group without DN and downregulated in the group with DN. |
| miRNA-93 | [43] | Hospital-based cohort | 70 T1D patients with a 5 years’ duration of diabetes or more -25 patients (16 males and 9 females) without DN (normal ACR) -45 patients (19 males and 26 females) with DN (increased ACR). |
A positive correlation between miR-93 and HbA1c and ACR was reported. Up-regulation of miRNA-93 in the group with DN compared to the group without DN was found. |
| miRNA-210 | [45] | Cross-sectional observational cohort study | 68 patients with T1D Age 6–18 years, duration of disease > 1 year, C-peptide < 0.3 nmol/L, and intensive insulin treatment with either multiple daily insulin injections or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion for at least 6 months. |
Both plasma and urinary miRNA-210 levels of patients with T1D were higher than controls. |
| miRNA-126 | [45] | Cross-sectional observational cohort study | 68 patients with T1D Age 6–18 years, duration of disease > 1 year, C-peptide < 0.3 nmol/L, and intensive insulin treatment with either multiple daily insulin injections or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion for at least 6 months. |
No differences emerged in plasmatic T1D sample, while lower miRNA-126 levels were confirmed in urine T1D samples compared to controls (p = 0.016). A negative association between urinary miRNA-126 levels and HbA1c was found. |
Abbreviations: T1D: type 1 diabetes; T2D: type 2 diabetes; miRNA: microRNA; DN: Diabetic Nephropathy; ACR: albumin creatinine ratio; HbA1c: Glycosylated hemoglobin; CRP: C-reactive protein; eGFR: Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate.