Table 3.
Detailed recombinant protein subunit and DNA vaccine strategies reported against TiLV infection.
| Vaccine Types | Recombinant Protein Subunit Vaccines | DNA Vaccines | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vaccine Formulation | rVP20 Protein [57] | rTIS 9 [58] | rTIS10 [58] | pV-optiVP20 [57] | pcDNA 3.1-ORF10 [75] | pcDNA-Tis 9 [58] | pcDNA-Tis 10 [58] |
| Adjuvant | M402 Enhanced aluminium | Montanide ISA 763 adjuvant | Montanide ISA 763 adjuvant | - | - | - | - |
| Vaccine dose | 400 µg | 200 µg | 200 µg | 50 µg | 45 µg | 5 µg | 5 µg |
| Number of fish vaccinated | 100 fish/experimental group | 75 fish/experimental group | 75 fish/experimental group | 100 fish/experimental group | 30 fish/experimental group | 75 fish/experimental group | 75 fish/experimental group |
| Immunization regimen | 2 doses–3 weeks apart | 1 dose | 1 dose | 2 doses–3 weeks apart | 2 doses–2 weeks apart | 1 dose | 1 dose |
| Number of fish challenged | 40 fish/experimental group | 10 fish (×3 replicates–challenged 4 weeks post vaccination) | 10 fish (×3 replicates–challenged 4 weeks post vaccination) | 40 fish/experimental group | 30 fish/experimental group | 10 fish (×3 replicates–challenged 4 weeks post vaccination) | 10 fish (×3 replicates–challenged 4 weeks post vaccination) |
|
Vaccine efficacy
(RPS %) |
51.3% | 27.8 ± 9.6% | 44.4 ± 25.4% | 48.7% | 85.7% | 38.9 ± 9.6% | 50.00% ± 16.7 |
| Survival rate (%) | 52.5% | - | - | 50% | - | - | - |
| Antibody response | Serum anti-TiLV IgM reported, and neutralizing antibodies detected | Relative increase in sera antibody response (assessed by dot blot assay) | Relative increase in sera antibody response (assessed by dot blot assay) | Increased serum anti-TiLV IgM antibodies and increased serum neutralizing antibodies | Significant upregulation of TLR2, MyD88, IL8, TNFα, INF-γ, and NF- κB | Relative increase in sera antibody response (assessed by dot blot) | Relative increase in sera antibody response (assessed by dot blot) |
| T-cell response | CD4 cell activation reported and upregulation of IL-1β, TNFα, MHC-II and MHC-Ia | Not reported | Not reported | CD4 cell activation reported and upregulation of IL-1β, TNFα, MHC-II and MHC-Ia | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |