Table 1.

Inhibition efficacy (EC₅₀) and cell toxicity of caffeic acid in A549, HepG2, and Vero cell lineages.

	Inhibition Efficacy (µM) *			Cell Viability (%) *
	EC50				A549	HepG2	Vero
	A549	HepG2	Vero	1000 µM	72.4 ± 2.4	91.4 ± 5.2	100.5 ± 14.6
Virucidal	390.3 ± 32.4	140.6 ± 23.4	234.0 ± 39.2	500 µM	77 ± 6.6	96.2 ± 5.1	101.4 ± 9.7
Pre-treatment	Not achieved	Not achieved	Not achieved	250 µM	83.3 ± 6.8	94.7± 3.2	96 ± 9.2
Co-treatment	370.4 ± 19.9	167.9 ± 26.3	228.9 ± 58.4	125 µM	86.4 ± 4.3	96.5 ± 2.1	95.5 ± 7.6
Post-treatment	340.1 ± 34.4	187.4 ± 42.1	168.7 ± 33.3	62.5 µM	87.4 ± 11,2	93.8 ± 4.7	94.5 ± 7.2

* Values with 95% confidence intervals (CI).