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. 2023 Feb 10;11(2):445. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11020445

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Genomic Organization of the Human Common Cold Coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2. The genomes of alphacoronaviruses (blue) HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63 and betacoronaviruses (black, green) SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-HKU1, and HCoV-OC43 are shown with open-reading frames (ORFs) labeled. A 5-kb scale bar is provided. The replicase polyproteins (pp1a and pp1ab) are shown in the box below and the maturation cleavage events mediated by the papain-like proteases (PLPs) and 3CLpro are indicated by the clear or black arrows. E, Envelope; M, Matrix; N, Nucleocapsid; S, Spike; RdRP, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; Hel, Helicase; ExoN, Exonuclease; N7-MT, N7-methyltransferase; EndoU, Endonuclease; 2′-O-MT, 2′O-methyltransferase.