Figure 3.

Flavonoids from Hippophae rhamnoides Linn affect the protein expression level of cleaved caspase-3 (A,B) and p-JNK (C,D) in Dox-induced H9c2 cells. Cells were pretreated with same concentrations of F-A, F-B, and F-C (10 µM) for 1 h, then exposed to Dox for 24 h. Relative folds of cleaved caspase-3, p-JNK. (B) The relative expression level of cleaved caspase-3 in Dox group significantly increased compared to the NC group (p < 0.01). There was no significant activation of cleaved caspase-3 in the F-A, F-B, and F-C group without Dox. But F-A, F-B, and F-C can significantly inhibit the Dox-induced activation of caspase-3 in comparison to the Dox model group (p < 0.01). (D) H9c2 cells treated with 2.5 μM Dox rapidly increased the relative expression level of phosphorylation of JNK (p < 0.01). Compared to the NC group, F-A, F-B, and F-C with the absence of Dox has no significant increase in the expression level of p-JNK. The expression levels of p-JNK compared to the Dox group was significantly suppressed by the administration of F-A, F-B, and F-C in the presence of 2.5 µM Dox (p < 0.01). Results are mean ± SEM from three independent experiments. ## p < 0.01 vs. control, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 vs. Dox group. ns, not significant.