Table 1.

Hedgehogs’ zoonotic disease prevalence, categorized based on sampled urban locations.

	Agent	p (%) 1	n	City/Local	Country	Ref
Bacteria	Borrelia burgdorferi s.l.	10%	41	Hamburg	Germany	[19]
	Borrelia burgdorferi s.l.	11%	19	Berlin	Germany	[19]
	Borrelia burgdorferi s.l.	13%	24	Munich	Germany	[19]
	Salmonella spp.	57%	37	Joensuu	Finland	[33]
	Salmonella spp.	10%	90	Flevoland, Gelderland, Noord-Holland, Utrecht, and Zuid-Holland	The Netherlands	[34]
	Pasteurella multocida	8%	37	Joensuu	Finland	[33]
	Corynebacterium ulcerans	14%	37	Joensuu	Finland	[33]
	Staphylococcus intermedius	5%	37	Joensuu	Finland	[33]
	Campylobacter spp.	1%	90	Flevoland, Gelderland, Noord-Holland, Utrecht, and Zuid-Holland	The Netherlands	[34]
	E. coli (ESC-resistant)	71%	90	Flevoland, Gelderland, Noord-Holland, Utrecht, and Zuid-Holland	The Netherlands	[34]
Fungi	Dermatophytes	55%	182	(not specified—six cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants)	Poland	[35]
	Dermatophytes	17%	77	Berkshire, Cardiganshire, Devon, Essex, Hertfordshire, Leicestershire, London, Norfolk, Somerset, Surrey, and Yorkshire	UK	[36]
Parasites	Anaplasma phagocytophilum	96%	112	Brno, Prague, and České Budějovice	Czech Republic	[37]
	Toxoplasma gondii	19%	26	Brno, Prague, and České Budějovice	Czech Republic	[38]
	Fleas	89%	56	Ulm	Germany	[39]
	Ticks	88%	56	Ulm	Germany	[39]
	Giardia spp.	11%	90	Flevoland, Gelderland, Noord-Holland, Utrecht, and Zuid-Holland	The Netherlands	[34]
	Cryptosporidium spp.	9%	90	Flevoland, Gelderland, Noord-Holland, Utrecht, and Zuid-Holland	The Netherlands	[34]
Viruses	Erinaceus coronaviruses	53%	19	Bologna, Casalecchio, Minerbio, Lugo, Copparo, Imola, and Granarolo	Italy	[40]

¹ Detected prevalence (%).