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. 2023 Jan 21;15(2):365. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020365

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Scheme of biogenesis and typologies of cargoes of extracellular vesicles. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) generated via different mechanisms. Exosomes are produced from inward budding of the endosomal membrane. Microvesicles generated by outward budding of the plasma membrane. The outer EV membrane contains lipids and transmembrane proteins. EVs are also enriched in microRNAs, mRNAs, and proteins that mediate systemic effects. EVs are also known to contain metabolites and mitochondrial DNA. Created in Biorender.com, accessed on 6 December 2022.