Table 3.

Indications, retention, advantages, and precautions of dental luting agents [16,22,27].

Luting Agents	Indications	Adhesion	Excess Removal (I *: Easy)	Retention (I *: High)	Advantages	Disadvantages	Precautions
Zinc phosphate	1,3,6,9,10	Chemical	Easy	Moderate	History of use	Solubility, leakage	Use for “traditional” cast restorations
Zinc polycarboxylate	1,3,4,6	Chemical	Medium	Low/moderate	Biocompatibility	Low strength, solubility	Do not reduce powder/liquid ratio
Glass-ionomer F	1,3,6,9,10,12	Chemical	Medium	Moderate to high	Translucency	Solubility, leakage	Avoid early moisture exposure
RMGIC F	1,3,9,10	Micro-mechanical	Medium	High	Low solubility, low microleakage	Water sorption, history of use	Avoid with ceramic restorations
Resin cement	1–3, 5–12	Mechanical	Medium to difficult	High	Adhesive, low solubility	Film thickness, history of use	Moisture control

1—full metallic and metal–ceramic crown and partial FDP, 2—crown or partial FDP with poor retention, 3—MCC with porcelain margin, 4—casting on the patient with a history of post-treatment sensitivity, 5—pressed, high-leucite, ceramic crown, 6—slip-cast alumina crown, 7—ceramic inlay, onlay, and veneer, 8—resin-retained partial FDP, 9—cast post and core (metal), 10—aesthetic postcore and core (fiber and ceramic), 11—ceramic veneer, and 12—full zirconia and zirconia-based ceramic restorations. I *—ideal, FDP—fixed dental prosthesis, MCC—metal–ceramic crown, ^F—fluoride release, and RMGIC—resin-modified glass-ionomer cement.