Table 2.
Functional outcome of included comparative clinical studies; 3D = three-dimensional; RCT = randomized controlled trial; MEFS = Mayo Elbow Function Score; MWS = Mayo Wrist Score; VAS = Visual Analogue Scale; DASH = disability of the arm, shoulder, and hand; MMS = Modified Mayo Score; GOBS = Green and O’Brien Score; JHFT = Jebsen Hand Function Test; PRWE = Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation.
| Author | Study | Indication | Number of Patients (3D: Conventional) | Clinical Application | Test | 3D Group | Conventional Group | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yang et al. [11] | RCT | Elbow fracture | 40 (20:20) | Preoperative planning | MEFS | 88.0 | 82 | 0.001 |
| Wang et al. [19] | Retrospective | Carcinoma (giant cell tumor) | 30 (15:15) | Body implant | MWS VAS |
65 1.2 |
71.0 1.3 |
0.013 0.806 |
| Kong et al. [13] | RCT | Intraarticular radius fracture | 32 (16:16) | Preoperative planning | DASH VAS |
23.8 0.9 |
24.5 0.9 |
0.80 0.91 |
| Zheng et al. [14] | RCT | Intraarticular humerus fracture | 91 (43:48) | Preoperative planning | MEFS | 85.2 | 83.1 | 0.448 |
| Chen et al. [20] | RCT | Forearm fractures | 60 (20:20:20) | Orthosis | GOBS | 85 | 65.0/70 | 0.014/0.035 |
| Yin et al. [16] | RCT | Scaphoid fracture/nonunions | 16 (8:8) | Intraoperative aid | MMS PRWE VAS |
9.4 −11.6 −4.2 |
5.6 −16.7 −4.17 |
0.52 0.52 0.98 |
| Kim et al. [21] | RCT | Wrist pain | 22 (11:11) | Orthosis | JHFT PRWE |
4.3 19.2 |
1.0 23.4 |
0.101 0.109 |