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. 2023 Jan 28;12(2):202. doi: 10.3390/pathogens12020202

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Epifluorescence images of pre-osteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1) cultured on the modified Ti surfaces: (A) Ti control (bare Ti); (B) PAAG–Ti; (C) AMP–PAAG–Ti; (D) AgNPs–PAAG–Ti; (E) AgNPs+AMP–PAAG–Ti. (F) Quantification of viable attached pre-osteoblast cells (MC3T3E-1) growing on modified Ti surfaces expressed as a percentage of Ti control. Data are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Statistical differences were analyzed using multiple comparisons of Bonferroni with 99.9% of confidence. There are no statistically significant differences between data sharing identical letters in the graph.