Figure 7.

The virus recovery from the trachea and cloacal swabs in chickens. Chickens were inoculated intranasally with 10^9.0 CFU of E. coli O2 two days prior to challenge of 10 ^6.0 EID₅₀ of a representative H9 LPAIV (A/chicken/Vietnam/HU8-1860/2017 (H9N2) in the red circle in Figure 1). The swabs were taken from 1 to 14 dpi. Bars indicate the standard error of mean. Statistical significance was calculated using Tukey’s test. Significant differences in viral titers between groups are indicated by * (p < 0.05), ** (p < 0.01), and *** (p < 0.001). The dotted line indicates the detection limit of the test.