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. 2023 Feb 17;24(4):4089. doi: 10.3390/ijms24044089

Figure 9.

Figure 9

Schematics of Gut–kidney Axis (GKA). The gut luminal environment, including the gut microbiome, affects the physiology and behavior of the kidney via multiple routes. Created with BioRender.com. The ↑ and ↓ arrows in the graph represent an increase or decrease in content, performance, and/or activity, respectively. The reproduction of this image has been licensed from BioRender.