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. 2023 Feb 14;13(2):271. doi: 10.3390/metabo13020271

Table 3.

Microbial metabolites that significantly differentiated participants with and without FIB-4 ≥ 1.45. 1

Biochemical Super Pathway Sub Pathway Metabolite PLS-DA Effect Size Spearman r Spearman p-Value
Pregnen-diol disulfate * Lipid Pregnenolone steroids 32,562 0.249 0.333 0.018
1-stearoyl-GPS (18:0) * Lipid Lysophospholipid 45,966 −0.253 −0.283 0.047
1,3-dimethylurate Xenobiotics Xanthine metabolism 32,391 −0.090 −0.292 0.040
2-deoxyuridine Nucleotide Pyrimidine metabolism, uracil containing 52,602 0.262 0.344 0.015
Serotonin Amino acid Tryptophan metabolism 2342 −0.059 −0.316 0.025
Inosine 5-monophosphate (IMP) Nucleotide Purine metabolism, (hypo)xanthine/inosine containing 2133 −0.174 −0.396 0.004
1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-GPS (18:0/18:1) Lipid Phosphatidylserine (PS) 19265 −0.192 −0.391 0.005
Cysteine-glutathione disulfide Amino acid Glutathione metabolism 35,159 −0.074 −0.288 0.042
2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid Amino acid Methionine, cysteine, SAM, and taurine metabolism 63,739 0.109 0.299 0.035
AMP Nucleotide Purine metabolism, adenine containing 32,342 −0.204 −0.503 0.0002
9,10-diHOME Lipid Fatty acid, dihydroxy 38,399 0.213 0.454 0.001
6-oxopiperidine-2-carboxylate Amino acid Lysine metabolism 43,231 0.227 0.280 0.049
Octadecanedioylcarnitine (C18-DC) * Lipid Fatty acid metabolism (Acyl carnitine, dicarboxylate) 61,867 0.134 0.375 0.007
S-methylcysteine sulfoxide Amino acid Methionine, cysteine, SAM, and taurine metabolism 43,378 −0.004 −0.317 0.025

Table 3 displays microbial metabolites that satisfied the following conditions: (1) they were significantly different between participants with and without FIB-4 ≥ 1.45 (as determined by Wilcoxon test); (2) they had an absolute difference >0.5 determined via volcano plot; (3) they were found to contribute most to class separation by PLS-DA; and (4) they correlated with FIB-4 score via Spearman’s correlation. 1 FIB-4 score ≥ 1.45 was defined as “unable to exclude advanced liver fibrosis/cirrhosis”. Rows in light grey indicate FIB-4 < 1.45 and rows in dark grey indicate FIB-4 ≥ 1.45. * Indicates a compound that has not been confirmed based on a standard, but Metabolon Inc. is confident in its identity. Abbreviation: PLS-DA, partial least squares-discriminant analysis.