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. 2023 Feb 13;11(2):430. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11020430

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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SkyGrid reconstruction (A) showing the relationship between the effective number of infections (y axis) and chronological time expressed in years (x axis), and Birth–Death Skyline reconstruction (B) showing the relationship between the reproduction number of infections (y axis) and chronological time expressed in years (x axis). The curves indicate the mean, and the 95% HPD interval is shown by the shaded area. Graphs for wild-type HBV sequences are shown in green, for immune-escape HBsAg variants except T118A/V in red, and for T118A/V variants in light blue.