Table 1.
Contribution to total daily sodium by food category (%), NHANES 2017–2018 1 for the total sample and by sub-groups.
| Food Categories 2 | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Food Category Rank | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | Total % Contribution of Top 15 Categories | |
| n | Pizza | Breads, Rolls and Buns | Cold Cuts and Cured Meats (Excluding Sandwiches) | Soups | Burritos and Tacos | Savory Snacks (e.g., Chips, Crackers, Popcorn) | Poultry (Excluding Nuggets and Tenders) | Cheese (Including Cottage and Ricotta) | Pasta Mixed Dishes, Excludes Macaroni and Cheese | Burgers | Meat Mixed Dishes | Cookies, Brownies and Cakes | Bacon, Frankfurters and Sausages (Excluding Sandwiches) | Vegetables (Excluding White Potatoes) | Chicken Nuggets and Tenders | ||
| Total sample | 7081 | 5.26% | 4.66% | 4.59% | 4.34% | 4.29% | 4.14% | 4.03% | 3.11% | 2.90% | 2.52% | 2.47% | 2.44% | 2.38% | 2.16% | 1.54% | 50.83% |
| Household income 3 | |||||||||||||||||
| Low | 2029 | 5.56% | 4.08% | 3.37% | 4.75% | 5.01% | 3.79% | 4.44% | 3.05% | 3.32% | 3.01% | 1.77% | 2.39% | 2.24% | 1.58% | 2.37% | 50.73% |
| Middle | 2545 | 5.77% | 4.59% | 5.39% | 4.02% | 4.25% | 4.64% | 3.48% | 3.05% | 2.43% | 1.64% | 2.81% | 2.68% | 2.40% | 2.16% | 1.47% | 50.78% |
| High | 754 | 5.41% | 5.11% | 5.41% | 3.39% | 3.80% | 3.57% | 4.01% | 3.11% | 3.52% | 2.25% | 2.86% | 2.43% | 2.98% | 2.25% | 1.49% | 51.59% |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||||||||||||||
| White | 2479 | 5.23% | 4.91% | 5.41% | 3.71% | 3.20% | 4.55% | 3.12% | 3.53% | 2.86% | 2.68% | 3.06% | 2.42% | 2.72% | 2.17% | 1.56% | 51.13% |
| Black | 1646 | 5.05% | 3.64% | 3.93% | 2.68% | 3.33% | 4.69% | 7.71% | 2.64% | 3.45% | 2.89% | 1.41% | 2.69% | 2.66% | 2.28% | 2.57% | 51.62% |
| Hispanic | 1627 | 5.77% | 3.92% | 3.14% | 6.33% | 9.38% | 3.24% | 4.39% | 2.58% | 2.19% | 2.21% | 1.21% | 2.18% | 1.65% | 1.79% | 1.01% | 50.99% |
| Asian | 853 | 4.03% | 6.26% | 2.18% | 9.25% | 2.35% | 2.11% | 4.72% | 1.22% | 1.62% | 1.08% | 1.93% | 2.06% | 1.05% | 3.31% | 0.90% | 44.07% |
| “Other” | 476 | 5.68% | 4.74% | 4.09% | 3.32% | 3.91% | 3.69% | 4.44% | 3.24% | 5.75% | 2.48% | 2.87% | 3.14% | 2.01% | 2.00% | 1.67% | 53.03% |
| Dietary Reference Intakes Age–Sex Groupings | |||||||||||||||||
| >1 y | 299 | 5.28% | 3.69% | 2.62% | 2.89% | 3.82% | 7.19% | 2.73% | 5.20% | 2.78% | 0.95% | 1.23% | 2.89% | 4.22% | 1.71% | 5.07% | 52.27% |
| 4–8 y | 623 | 6.89% | 4.36% | 4.85% | 2.77% | 2.92% | 6.23% | 3.21% | 3.76% | 2.85% | 1.89% | 1.55% | 3.58% | 2.10% | 1.18% | 3.30% | 51.44% |
| 9–13 y males | 328 | 9.61% | 4.50% | 3.68% | 2.26% | 6.38% | 8.68% | 3.57% | 2.76% | 3.08% | 1.87% | 0.96% | 2.64% | 2.51% | 0.94% | 2.85% | 56.29% |
| 9–13 y females | 353 | 8.86% | 3.99% | 3.05% | 3.68% | 2.10% | 6.38% | 3.57% | 3.24% | 3.82% | 1.57% | 1.78% | 3.65% | 1.47% | 1.40% | 2.88% | 51.44% |
| 14–18 y males | 341 | 9.32% | 4.42% | 6.27% | 3.90% | 3.62% | 5.18% | 4.63% | 2.34% | 3.00% | 3.96% | 1.26% | 2.01% | 1.36% | 0.65% | 3.00% | 54.92% |
| 14–18 y females | 323 | 7.23% | 5.19% | 3.74% | 3.50% | 4.02% | 5.93% | 7.28% | 2.73% | 2.61% | 2.07% | 0.99% | 2.63% | 1.23% | 1.51% | 3.08% | 53.74% |
| 19–30 y males | 422 | 6.96% | 3.16% | 5.98% | 1.74% | 7.41% | 3.24% | 4.05% | 2.07% | 2.78% | 3.42% | 2.38% | 0.71% | 2.00% | 1.31% | 2.39% | 49.60% |
| 19–30 y females | 436 | 5.42% | 3.41% | 2.68% | 3.08% | 5.74% | 3.99% | 4.06% | 3.43% | 3.59% | 2.03% | 2.73% | 1.82% | 2.88% | 2.69% | 2.26% | 49.81% |
| 31–50 y males | 677 | 5.88% | 4.35% | 4.01% | 5.25% | 6.33% | 3.01% | 5.34% | 3.00% | 2.06% | 3.48% | 1.19% | 2.08% | 2.52% | 1.83% | 0.85% | 51.18% |
| 31–50 y females | 744 | 4.76% | 4.86% | 3.47% | 4.54% | 5.02% | 4.02% | 4.02% | 3.36% | 2.37% | 2.24% | 1.99% | 2.52% | 3.07% | 3.48% | 0.98% | 50.70% |
| 51–70 y males | 876 | 3.71% | 5.29% | 5.72% | 4.19% | 2.79% | 3.92% | 3.67% | 3.24% | 3.54% | 2.42% | 2.88% | 2.80% | 2.44% | 1.96% | 0.50% | 49.07% |
| 51–70 y females | 900 | 3.23% | 5.65% | 3.96% | 6.28% | 2.18% | 3.63% | 3.34% | 3.59% | 3.24% | 2.32% | 4.62% | 2.60% | 1.83% | 3.18% | 0.94% | 50.59% |
| >70 y males | 390 | 2.43% | 5.87% | 7.55% | 6.99% | 0.84% | 2.52% | 2.48% | 2.04% | 2.36% | 1.96% | 4.69% | 3.80% | 2.93% | 2.10% | 0.83% | 49.39% |
| >70 y females | 369 | 1.06% | 6.29% | 5.55% | 6.96% | 1.54% | 4.60% | 3.13% | 3.89% | 3.43% | 1.19% | 4.03% | 3.61% | 2.90% | 3.80% | 0.62% | 52.60% |
1 The population percentage contribution (%) of sodium from each food category to total daily dietary sodium intake was calculated as the sum of the amount of sodium consumed from each specific food category for all participants in the designated subgroup, divided by the total daily sodium intake for all participants. All estimates were generated from the first 24 h dietary recall and survey weighted to be representative at the population level. 2 This analysis used 87 food categories, which were adapted from What We Eat In America (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/wweia.htm) (accessed on 5 December 2020). Food categories are ranked in descending order by population percentage contribution among the total sample aged >1 y, excluding pregnant and lactating women (n = 7081). 3 Poverty-to-income ratio (PIR) was used to define household income. A PIR ≤ 180% was considered “low” income, a 180 < PIR ≤ 350 was considered “middle” income and a PIR > 350 was considered “high” income.