Table 2.
Vaccines against Ebola that are currently approved and under development.
| Vaccine Name | Manufacturer | Type/Category | Other Components | Present Status | Disadvantages and AE | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rVSV-ZEBOV-GP; V920; rVSVAG-ZEBOV-GP (ERVEBO®) |
Merck | Live, attenuated vaccine, Recombinant with vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV). replication-competent |
Monovalent, expresses EBOV Glycoprotein (GP) (Kikwit variant) |
Approved by US FDA for 18 years and older | Only targets EBOV, which was responsible for the 2013–2016 outbreaks and more recent flareups Reports of arthritis as AE Synovial joints of vaccinated individuals’ reports finding of infectious virus causing secondary spread Stringent storage temperature |
[30] |
| Ad26.ZEBOV MVA-BN-Filo boost (Zabdeno/Mvabea) |
Johnson & Johnson (Janssen facility)/ Bavarian Nordic |
Based on human adenovirus serotype 26 (Ad26) | Multivalent, EBOV GP, TAFV NP, SUDV GP, and MARV GP | Licensed by EMA (exceptional circumstances); Submission g to WHO |
Non ideal candidate as per immunogenicity Mvabea vaccine shows lack of immunogenecity against Bundibugyo or Bombali ebolaviruses |
[31] |
| Ad5-EBOV | BIT CanSino (China |
Recombinant vaccine based on human adenovirus serotype 5 vector (Ad5) | Monovalent, expresses EBOV GP (Makona variant) |
Approved by China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) (2017) based on animal rule | EBOV specific; prior immunity to Ad5 decreases the effectiveness Suitable for 18 to 60 years of age; Lack of clinical data; antibodies decline 85% at day 168 |
[32] |
| ChAd3-EBOZ (+/−) Mvabea (cAd3-ZEBOV/ChAd3-EBO-Z) | GlaxoSmithKline, NIAID, Okairos | Recombined with attenuated version of a chimpanzee adenovirus (cAd3) unable to replicate in human,7 | Monovalent, expresses EBOV GP (Mayinga variant)/Mvabea expresses EBOV, SUDV, MARV GP’s and TAFV NP |
Not yet licensed by the US FDA or EMA Phase II trials completed in Europe, the US, and Africa |
Enhanced vaccines doses for immunogenicity; antibody titre declines by roughly 50% at 180 days after vaccination; booster needed; storage condition issues |
[33] |
| GamEvac-Combi and GamEvacLyo | Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology & Microbiology (Russia) |
Heterologous primary booster (rVSV and Ad5) expressing EBOV GP |
Licensed under Ministry of Health of Russian Federation | prime + booster at 21 days both required; Age limitation from 18 to 55 years age; Un- published safety and efficacy. Preexisting neutralizing Ad5 GP responses in half-dose only |
[34] | |
| HPIV3/ΔHNF/EbovZ GP vaccine | NIAID | Live-Attenuated Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 Vectored Vaccine | Expressing Ebolavirus Zaire Glycoprotein as the Sole Envelope Glycoprotein | [34] | ||
| Rabies Vector-based GP vaccine | Thomas Jefferson University & NIAID | Recombinant vaccine based on rabies virus (RABV) as vector | Bivalent, Chemically inactivated RABV expressing EBOV GP | Non-human primate (NHP) challenge completed | In early developmental stage | [35] |
| EBOVΔVP30 | University of Wisconsin | Hydrogen peroxide inactivated whole virus | based on a replication-defective EBOV (EBOVΔVP30) | NHP challenge complete | In early developmental stage | [36] |
| Vesiculovax | Auro Vaccines | Attenuated recombinant rVSV vector based | Expression of GP (Mayinga strain of Zaire ebolavirus) | Phase I | In early developmental stage | [37] |
| EBOV DNA Vaccine | NIAID | DNA vaccine | Encodes the envelope GP (Zaire &Sudan species) and the nucleoprotein | Phase I | In early developmental stage | [11] |
| EBOV DNA Vaccine | NIAID | DNA vaccine | Ebola virus (Zaire and Sudan) glycoproteins and (MAR) encoding Marburg virus glycoprotein | Phase 1b | In early developmental stage | [17] |
| Ebola Virus Glycoprotein Nanoparticle Vaccine | US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Novavax | Recombinant nanoparticle vaccine | EBOV GP nanoconjugated | Phase 1 | In early developmental stage | [38] |