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. 2023 Feb 11;28(4):1728. doi: 10.3390/molecules28041728

Figure 2.

Figure 2

The effect of rhamnose, rutinose, hesperetin, and hesperidin on the pure enzymes: elastase (A,B), hyaluronidase (C,D), and collagenase I (E) activity using tube tests. Oleanolic acid (1.46 mg/mL) was used as the inhibitor of elastase (red color), sodium aurothiomalate (2.8 mg/mL) was used as the inhibitor of hyaluronidase (red color) and 1,10-phenanthroline (1 M) was used as the inhibitor of collagenase (red color). The results are expressed as an average of 3 measurements. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001 were considered significant compared to control C. # p < 0.05; ## p < 0.01; #### p < 0.0001 were considered significant compared to control (for rutinose). (One-way ANOVA; Dunnett’s multiple comparisons tests were performed using GraphPad Prism).