| GLUT | glucose transporter |
| TXNIP | Thioredoxin Interacting Protein |
| PKC | protein kinase c |
| AKT | Ak strain transforming |
| pAKT | phosphorylated Ak strain transforming |
| mTOR | mammalian target of rapamycin |
| HIF1α | Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha |
| HK2 | hexokinase 2 |
| PKM2 | pyruvate kinase type M2 |
| LDH | lactate dehydrogenase |
| MCT | monocarboxylate transporters |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| EMT | epithelial-mesenchymal transitions |
| ECM | extracellular matrix |
| CTC | circulating tumor cells |
| TNBC | triple negative breast cancer cells |
| NMU | N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea |
| GSK3β | Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta |
| PDK1 | Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 |
| VDAC | voltage-dependent anion channel |