Fig. 5.

Losartan improves survival under anti-PD1 treatment with and without the SOC. Losartan enhances the survival benefit of anti-PD1 therapy in (A) GL261 and (B) 005 GSC tumor models with 15% and 22% LTSs, respectively, with no detectable tumors via microultrasound imaging through transparent cranial windows for over 100 d (d100). In addition to lack of increased edema in the face of ICB treatment (Fig. 2C), (C) the CT2A model displays only a modest response to anti-PD1 therapy that does not result in LTSs nor is improved by the addition of losartan treatment. (D) Long-term surviving mice in the 005 GSC model reject a second tumor inoculation, suggesting the formation of an immune memory response. (E) The GL261 model subjected to SOC (F) therapy shows an improvement (G) in response to anti-PD1 (16% LTSs) that is tripled (43% LTSs) in combination with losartan. (H) Long-term surviving mice in the GL261 SOC model reject a second tumor rechallenge. (Log-rank Mantel–Cox test; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001.)