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. 2023 Feb 1;12(2):228. doi: 10.3390/pathogens12020228

Table 4.

Baseline characteristics and mortality of patients with Gram-negative catheter-related bloodstream infection compared to Gram-positive catheter-related bloodstream infection.

Characteristic Gram-Positive
N = 407 (%)		 Gram-Negative
N = 49 (%)		 p Value
Age (years, mean, SD) 53.5 (±13.5) 53.7 (±14.3) 0.919
Male sex 244 (60) 28 (57.1) 0.82
Hematologic malignancy
Solid tumor		 323 (81.6)
75 (18.4)		 31 (63.3)
18 (36.7)		 0.005
HSCT (N = 140) 133 (32.7) 7 (14.3) 0.013
Comorbidities
  • -

    Chronic kidney disease

 106 (26)
8 (2)		 17 (34.7)
5 (10.2)		 0.26
0.008
Neutropenia 209 (51.4) 13 (27.1) 0.002
High risk MASCC score (N = 234) 58 (27.5) 8 (53.3) 0.036
Previous antibiotics (1 month) 203 (49.9) 24 (49.0) 1.00
Health-care acquisition 96 (23.6) 30 (61.2) <0.001
Bacterial prophylaxis 26 (6.4) 1 (2) 0.34
Type of catheter
  • -

    Peripheral

  • -

    PICC

  • -

    CVC

  • -

    Port reservoir

  
54 (13.3)
32 (7.9)
288 (70.8)
33 (8.1)		  
2 (4.1)
2 (4.1)
32 (65.3)
13 (26.5)		  
0.064
0.56
0.53
<0.001
Hypotension (<80 mmHg) 34 (10.9) 9 (19.1) 0.169
Septic shock 20 (4.9) 4 (6.1) 0.72
Inadequate empirical antibiotic therapy a
  • -

    Cephalosporins

  • -

    β-lactam + β-lactamase inhibitors

  • -

    Carbapenems

  • -

    Monobactams

  • -

    Aminoglycosides b

  • -

    Quinolones

  • -

    Glycopeptides

 196 (48.4)
89 (45.4)
29 (14.9)
11 (5.6)
1 (0.5)
68 (34.7)
12 (6.1)
4 (2.0)		 25 (51)
8 (32.0)
5 (20.0)
2 (8.0)
0
4 (16.0)
0
0		 0.93
Case-fatality rates
  • -

    At 48 hours

  • -

    At 7 days

  • -

    At 30 days

  
8 (2)
20 (5.2)
54 (13.5)		  
0
4 (8.2)
9 (18.4)		  
1.00
0.32
0.35

a The number of empirical antibiotics exceed the number of catheter-related bloodstream infection episodes because some of the episodes were treated empirically with combination therapy. b Patients who received inadequate aminoglycoside empirical therapy were those who were already receiving a β-lactam regimen at fever onset, and the empirical antibiotic initiated at that point was an aminoglycoside, in order to broader the spectrum against Gram-negative bacilli. HSCT: hematopoietic stem cell transplant; MASCC: Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer; PICC: peripherally-inserted catheter; CVC: central venous catheter.