The solvent used in the extraction |
99.9 % EtOH |
96% EtOH, hexane |
Extraction time duration of chlorophyll a |
12 h |
12 h |
Solvent/acid strength/time for demetallation (preparation of pheophytin a) |
Hexane, 1 N HCl, 4 h |
Hexane, 2 N HCl, 2 h |
Base used for Ce6 synthesis |
1 M NaOH |
13% ethanolic solution of KOH |
Time duration for Ce6 synthesis |
12 h |
10 min |
Ce6 purification |
pH change, centrifugation, and filtration |
pH change, filtration |
Total time |
5 days |
3 days |
Yield % and Purity % |
<1% of Spirulina mass and <97% |
<1% of Spirulina mass and <94% |