Table 1.
Estimated effects of voter ID law implementation on average party vote share advantage, US elections 2003 to 2020
| Estimator | Office | Sample | Estimate | 95% lower | 95% upper |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWFE | State | Full | 0.029 | -0.011 | 0.068 |
| Subset | 0.017 | -0.048 | 0.081 | ||
| Federal | Full | -0.007 | -0.053 | 0.039 | |
| Subset | -0.032 | -0.199 | 0.136 | ||
| All | Full | 0.004 | -0.033 | 0.040 | |
| Subset | -0.013 | -0.113 | 0.087 | ||
| FECT | State | Full | 0.022 | -0.022 | 0.066 |
| Subset | 0.078 | 0.002 | 0.154 | ||
| Federal | Full | -0.007 | -0.064 | 0.051 | |
| Subset | -0.061 | -0.143 | 0.022 | ||
| All | Full | 0.003 | -0.038 | 0.044 | |
| Subset | -0.004 | -0.061 | 0.053 | ||
| PM | State | Full | 0.016 | -0.041 | 0.064 |
| Subset | 0.056 | -0.016 | 0.137 | ||
| Federal | Full | -0.003 | -0.097 | 0.084 | |
| Subset | -0.059 | -0.205 | 0.072 | ||
| All | Full | -0.011 | -0.078 | 0.044 | |
| Subset | 0.009 | -0.058 | 0.083 |
Cell entries report treatment effects and their 95% confidence intervals. NFull, NSubset: State (394, 100); Federal (441, 121); All (472, 127).