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. 2023 Feb 7;20(4):2916. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20042916

Table 7.

The annual economic cost of health impact attributable to air pollution in Jakarta Province (in a million USD).

Adverse Health Outcomes in Children Mortality Hospitalizations
Infant Deaths Stunting Adverse Birth Outcomes *
Health Burden 327 6153 742 10,002 5037
Economic Cost 92.93 0.79 1.10 2842.41 6.19

* Combining newborns with low birth weight and preterm birth.