Table 4.
SNPs with potential effects on CBD pharmacology.
| Protein | Gene | Variant | Nucleotide Change | AF (%) | Biological Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) | CNR1 | rs806368 | T>A | 21 | Associated with alcohol dependence [51] |
| rs806380 | A>G | 34 | Associated with alcohol dependence [51] | ||
| rs1049353 | C>A | 27 | Associated with alcohol dependence [51] | ||
| rs2023239 | T>C | 17 | Increased cannabinoids-induced side-effects [51] | ||
| Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) | CNR2 | rs2229579 | G>A | 10 | Increased mRNA expression [52] |
| Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) | TRPV1 | rs8065080 | T>C | 38 | Associated with hypoalgesia [53,54] |
| rs222747 | C>A | 75 | Associated with hypoalgesia [53,54] | ||
| rs4790521 | T>C | 32 | Association with the COPD risk [55] | ||
| ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 5 (ABCC5) | ABCC5 | rs3749442 | G>A | 17 | Increase in CBD response [47] |
| P-glycoprotein (P-gp) | ABCB1 | rs2032582 | A>C | 55 | Reduced P-gp expression and activity [56] |
| rs1045642 | A>C | 48 | Reduced P-gp expression and activity [56] | ||
| rs1128503 | A>G | 57 | Reduced P-gp expression and activity [56] | ||
| Solute carrier family 15 member 1 (SLC15A1) | SLC15A1 | rs1339067 | A>C | 66 | Decreased transporter expression in CNS and lower response to CBD [47] |
| Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) | CYP2C9 | rs1799853 (*2) | C>T | 12 | Decreased enzyme activity [57] |
| rs1057910 (*3) | A>C | 7 | Decreased enzyme activity [57] | ||
| Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) | CYP3A4 | rs35599367 | G>A | 5 | Decreased enzyme activity [58] |
| Aldehyde oxidase 1 (AOX1) | AOX1 | rs6729738 | C>A | 53 | CBD low seizure control in epilepsy [47] |
| Amine oxidase copper 1 (AOC1) | AOC1 | rs12539 | C>T | 22 | Increased diarrhoea and low seizure control in epileptic patients [47] |
| UGT1A9 (UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9) | UGT1A9 | rs72551330 (*3) | T>A | 2-3 | Decreased enzymatic activity [59] |
| rs3832043 (*22) | (DT) 9>10 | 40 | Increased enzymatic activity [60] |
CBD = cannabidiol; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LFT = liver function test; HTR3E = 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3E; NR3C1 = nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1; AF = allelic frequencies in Caucasian population.