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. 2023 Feb 6;24(4):3226. doi: 10.3390/ijms24043226
BC breast cancer
CTL cytotoxic T lymphocytes
CTLA-4 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein
DC dendritic cell
FGF fibroblast growth factor
HER2 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
HIF hypoxia-inducible transcription factor
IC immune checkpoint
ICIs immune checkpoint inhibitors
IL-8 interleukin 8
Lag3 lymphocyte activation gene 3
LDHA lactate dehydrogenase
MDSCs myeloid-derived suppressor cells
MMPs matrix metalloproteinases
pCR pathologic complete response
PDGF platelet-derived growth factor
PD-L1 programmed death-ligand 1
TAM M2-like protumor macrophages
TGFβ-1 transforming growth factor beta-1
TILs tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
Tim-3 T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3
TME tumor microenvironment
TNBCs triple-negative BCs
Tregs regulatory T cells
VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor